Planning and Operational Efficiency
Open Source Software
Literature Review of ATMS and Open-Source Software
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_06_12_08_01.pdf
Michael T. Darter, Kin S. Yen, Bahram Ravani, and Ty A. Lasky, Principal Investigator, "Literature Review of National Developments in ATMS and Open-Source Software", AHMCT Research Report UCD-ARR-06-12-08-01, 132 pp, December 8, 2006.
Sensing and Data Collection
Laser Scanning
Bridge Height Sensing and Database Management System
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_05_02_28_01.pdf
Kin S. Yen, Travis Swanston, Jagannath Hiremagalur, Bahram Ravani, and Ty A. Lasky, "A Bridge-Height Sensing and Database Management System for Reliable and Efficient Oversize Permitting and Routing", AHMCT Research Report UCD-ARR-05-02-28-01, 42 pp, February 28, 2005.
This report presents STRUCTVIEW, a vehicle-based system for the measurement of roadway structure profiles, which uses a scanning laser rangefinder to measure various structure and roadway features while traveling at highway speed. Measurement capabilities include horizontal and vertical clearances which can be used to support issuing permits based on vehicle height. Keywords: Bridge profile, Clearance measurement, Structure maintenance, Highway maintenance, STRUCTVIEW.
Creating Standards and Specifications for the Use of Laser Scanning in Caltrans Projects
Click here for full report in pdf format: AHMCT_LidarFinalReport.pdf
Jagannath Hiremagalur, Kin S. Yen, Kevin Akin, Triet Bui, Ty A. Lasky, Bahram Ravani, "Creating Standards and Specifications for the Use of Laser Scanning in Caltrans Projects", AHMCT Research Report UCD-ARR-07-06-30-01, 155 pp, June 30, 2007.
This report documents the AHMCT research project, “Creating Standards and Specifications for the Use of Laser Scanning in Caltrans Projects.” 3D laser scanning standards and specifications for Caltrans applications were developed to promoted large-scale deployment of this technology into Caltrans day-to-day survey operations. DOTs and private contractors have used laser scanning in highway survey applications and found that it reduces lane closures, decreases the risk of casualties, and increases productivity over traditional survey instruments. The resulting high-resolution detailed 3D models allow engineers to extract all the required data, decreasing or eliminating the need for surveyors to return to sites for additional measurements. To fully realize the benefits, 3D laser scanners must be used properly and in appropriate applications with full understanding of any limitations.
This report provides a detailed background and summary of previous work on tests and procedures to evaluate 3D laser scanner accuracy and other relevant technical specifications. AHMCT researchers created a set of vendor-neutral standard test protocols for the characterization and performance evaluation of 3D laser scanner performance, which users can conduct in easily accessible facilities in which to perform the evaluation. Test results of Time–of-Flight based 3D laser scanners are presented. Post-processing software is a crucial and integral part of the terrestrial LIDAR survey system. Besides providing visualization, it helps users to extract data and produce required deliverables, such as linear and volumetric measurements, geometric feature values, geo-referencing / registration error, topographic drawings, CAD models, TIN, DTM, etc. Furthermore, the post-processed data must support export to other Caltrans CAD software, e.g. CAiCE and MicroStation. Thus, the project also included point cloud post-processing software evaluation from major LIDAR vendors.
The standards and guidelines developed in this research and presented in this report will promote consistent and correct use of 3D laser scanners throughout Caltrans and by its contractors. The guidelines clarify the common limitations of 3D laser scanners and recommend mitigation methods; this will help engineers and surveyors to select the right scanner and determine optimum scanning settings for survey applications. These evaluations focused on issues that are of significant concern to Caltrans survey applications, workflows, and data flows. The report also provides a CAD data format for archival and exchange purposes, along with recommendations for terrestrial LIDAR-based workflows.
GPS
Differential Kinematic Method for Application of GPS in ITS
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_99_10_14_01.pdf
Hassan Abou Ghaida, "A Differential Kinematic Method for Application of GPS in ITS", AHMCT Research Report UCD-ARR-99-10-14-01, 139 pp, October 14, 1999.
This report describes a method that accurately senses vehicle position within highway lanes. This method can serve as a part of a Driver Assistance System on specialty highway maintenance vehicles.
Travel Diary — Business Case Development
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_09_06_30_01.pdf
"Support for Business Case Development for the GPS-Automated Travel Diary (GPS-ATD) in Preparation for the 2010 Statewide Travel Behavior Survey – Phase 1"
Kin S. Yen, Travis B. Swanston, Phillip W. Wong, Ayalew Adamu, Mohammad Assadi, Azzeddine Benouar, Bahram Ravani, and Ty A. Lasky. AHMCT Research Report UCD-ARR-09-06-30-01, 42 pp, June 30, 2009.
Abstract — This report provides an overview of the effort to develop business case inputs that allowed Caltrans to quantify the benefits, costs, and impact of the GPS Automated Travel Diary (GPS-ATD) system. The GPS-ATD provides an intuitive user interface to capture trip activity information (trip purpose, travel mode, etc.), with minimal user input and burden during travel surveys. Survey participants interact with their own personal GPS-ATD, and information is automatically captured and logged from the High-Sensitivity GPS (HSGPS) receiver. This data allows for subsequent identification of corridors, route lengths, and regional and inter-regional trips.
Results from the analytical support and editorial review of information in support of Caltrans’ development of a Feasibility Study Report (FSR) document are summarized within this document. The report also describes the commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and custom software that serves as the current prototype GPS-ATD.
Keywords: Longitudinal travel surveys, GPS, human-machine interface, HMI, highway maintenance. Copyright AHMCT Research Center, UC Davis, 2009
Travel Diary — GPS and New Technologies to Improve Longitudinal Travel Surveys
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_04_12_15_01.pdf
"GPS and New Technologies to Improve Longitudinal Travel Surveys"
Kin S. Yen, Stephen M. Donecker, Kimball Yan, Julian Walla, Bahram Ravani, and Ty A. Lasky. AHMCT Research Report UCD-ARR-04-12-15-01, 68 pp, December 15, 2004
This report provides a basic background an brief summary of longitudinal travel surveys, the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in previous surveys, and new technological developments that can improve surveys by increasing GPS availability and reducing the cost of conducting a survey.
Travel Diary — Development of Travel Diary Systems Using GPS and New Technology
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_06_12_31_01.pdf
"Development of Vehicular and Personal Universal Longitudinal Travel Diary Systems Using GPS and New Technology"
Kin S. Yen, Stephen M. Donecker, Kimball Yan, Travis Swanston, Ayalew Adamu, Leo Gallagher, Mohammad Assadi, Bahram Ravani, and Ty A. Lasky, Principal Investigator. AHMCT Research Report UCD-ARR-06-12-31-01, 148 pp, December 31, 2006.
Abstract — This report provides an overview of travel surveys, including literature review and background, as well as the motivation for the research and development of the Global Positioning System Automated Travel Diary (GPS-ATD). The system requirements and specifications for the device development are presented and discussed. In addition, the detailed architecture, hardware, software, and user interface design are included. Vehicular and personal GPS-ATD systems were developed to support comprehensive traveler behavior studies. The GPS-ATD provides an intuitive user interface to capture trip activity information (trip purpose, travel mode, etc.), with minimal user input and burden during travel surveys. Each survey participant interacts with their own personal GPS-ATD, and information is automatically coordinated between personal and vehicular GPS-ATD units via ZigBee wireless. The system captures and logs data from the High-Sensitivity GPS (HSGPS) receiver, allowing subsequent identification of corridors, route lengths, and regionl and inter-regional trips. The primary sensor is the HSGPS receiver. For the vehicular GPS-ATD, inertial sensing (MEMS gyro and acceleromters) is also provided to fill in the gaps during GPS outages and cold starts. To obtain vehicle sensor information, the GPS-ATD uses ZigBee wireless communications to the car computer On-Board Diagnostics connector (OBD-II). Following the design discussion, complete system testing, results, and user feedback are discussed. The report concludes with recommendations for future work related to the GPS-ATD and its use in the 2010 California Statewide Household Travel Survey.
Video
Video Monitoring for Driver Training
Phillip W. Wong and Bahram Ravani, "Event Driven Video Monitoring for Driver Training: Evaluation of Pilot Project", Advanced Highway Maintenance and Construction Technology Research Center, UCD-ARR-08-10-30-01, 26 pp, October 30, 2008
Abstract — This report summarizes, analyzes, and reports conclusions from the pilot project implementation of the SmartDrive driver monitoring product. The SmartDrive product is a video based unit that continuously records the driver’s environment and when certain shock loads or speeds are exceeded, a 30 second video clip is marked and flagged for further review. Driver performance is then graded based on the sights and sounds within the video clip by SmartDrive company personnel. By closing the loop and providing feedback to the operators, improvements in safety can be made.
System and Operational Management
AHS — Automated Highway Systems
Automated Highway Systems Classification by Vehicle and Infrastructure
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_94_01_25_01.pdf
Lasky, Ty A. and Bahram Ravani, "Automated Highway Systems (AHS) Classification by Vehicle and Infrastructure", Advanced Highway Maintenance and Construction Technology Research Center, UCD-ARR-94-01-25-01, 61 pp, January, 1994.
Abstract — Interest and research in Automated Highway Systems has increased dramatically in the last few years, especially since the passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. New researchers are entering the field quickly, in part due to the recently awarded Federal Highway Administration Precursor System Analyses in Automated Highway Systems (AHS). A wide array of vehicle and infrastructure technology is available to implement envisioned AHS configurations. This report is an initial attempt to classify the technology available for vehicle and infrastructure use, to identify the operating characteristics of the technologies, and to provide pointers to some of the relevant literature in the field.
Design and Development of an Infrastructure Diagnostic Vehicle for AHS
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_98_11_01_01.pdf
Ty A. Lasky, Kin S. Yen, Colin H. Thorne, Hassan Abou Ghaida, Bahram Ravani, "Design and Development of an Infrastructure Diagnostic Vehicle (IDV) for AHS", AHMCT UCD-ARR-98-11-01-01, 100 pp, November 1, 1998.
This report describes the development of an Infrastructure Diagnostic Vehicle (IDV) for Automated Highway Systems (AHS). The IDV was developed to support inspection-integrated maintenance of AHS. The system is intended to diagnose various aspects of the infrastructure required for safe and reliable operation of an AHS. Currently, the system diagnoses the discrete magnetic marker lateral reference system, checking for missing or degraded markers, as well as for incorrect polarity for information coding. The system also tests communications with roadside beacons and the Transportation Management Center (TMC). In addition, the system allows for easy notification by the operator for other faults, such as debris in the roadway or roadside, using a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) receiver and an error logger. The IDV provides health-monitoring inspection of the AHS at highway speed using vision-based lateral control. The current vehicle uses standard cruise control, but could be easily augmented with Intelligent Cruise Control (ICC). The system includes magnetometers, sensing computer, control computer, vision system, communications system, and required actuators. The AHS IDV was demonstrated at the National Automated Highway Systems Consortium (NAHSC) Proof-of-Technical-Feasibility Demonstration in August 1997.
Design Concepts For Incident Clearing in Automated Highway Systems
McGrew, Richard, Phillip W. Wong, Ken S. Sprott, and Bahram Ravani, "Design Concepts For Incident Clearing in Automated Highway Systems", UCD-ARR-94-10-01-01, 17 pp, October, 1994.
Abstract — This report provides design concepts and information for the development of servicing vehicles to clear incidents on Automated Highway Systems (AHS). The design concepts presented in this document are based on information provided from preliminary information and documents on the AHS.
Precursor System Analysis for Automated Highway Systems
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_95_01_17_01.pdf
Ravani, Bahram, Steven A. Velinsky, Ty A. Lasky, Ian Broverman, and Alex Stroup, "A Precursor System Analysis of Automated Construction, Maintenance, and Operational Requirements for Automated Highway Systems (AHS)", UCD-ARR-95-01-17-01, 123 pp, January, 1995.
Abstract — The University of California-Davis and the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) have participated in a Precursor System Analysis (PSA) of automated construction, maintenance, and operation requirements for Automated Highway Systems (AHS). Based on initial discussions during a kick-off meeting with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the contract monitors from the MITRE Corporation, research for this PSA has been focused on a specific AHS subsystem: the discrete magnetic marker system that has been developed by researchers in the Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways (PATH) research program. This report documents the preliminary design of a prototype system for the automated installation of discrete magnetic markers for use as a reference system for an AHS. By focusing on a specific technology that has shown significant promise for application in AHS, the current PSA study was able to provide more concrete results and conclusions. The procedures presented here can be similarly applied in the design and analysis of automated systems for the installation and maintenance of other forms of AHS infrastructure in the future.
Reference Architecture and Classification System for Automated Highway Systems
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_94_6_08_01.pdf
Lasky, Ty A. and Bahram Ravani, "A Reference Architecture and a Classification System for Automated Highway Systems (AHS)", Advanced Highway Maintenance and Construction Technology Research Center, UCD-ARR-94-06-08-01, Dept. of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 105 pp, June, 1994.
Abstract — This report provides a reference architecture and a classification system for Automated Highway Systems (AHS). The reference architecture is hierarchical and modular, allowing for future expansion as needed. The architecture consists of function, form, and physical layers. An additional field known as the carrier, indicating the location of a given technology, e.g. in the roadway or in the vehicle, is also provided. The architecture is used as the basis for a classification system for AHS. AHS is a diverse and dynamic research area, and this classification provides a structured means of specifying an AHS. An overview of the architecture and the classification system is presented, followed by the detailed schematics for the AHS classification, including the functional areas of Driving, Structural Support, Traffic Separation, Vehicle/Road Interaction, and Power Source.
Lasky, Ty A. and Bahram Ravani, "A Reference Architecture for Automated Highway Systems (AHS)", Advanced Highway Maintenance and Construction Technology Research Center, UCD-ARR-94-03-30-01, 102 pp, March, 1994.
Abstract — This report provides a reference architecture for Automated Highway Systems (AHS). This is a diverse and dynamic research area, and this reference architecture provides a structured means of specifying an AHS. It is a multipurpose tool that can be expanded by adding additional information fields based on a given application. The architecture is based on a hierarchical coding of the major AHS areas into function, form, physical components, and carrier. An overview of the architecture and the coding scheme is presented, followed by detailed schematics within the AHS functional areas of Driving, Structural Support, and Traffic Regulation.
Review of Research Related to Automated Highway Systems
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_93_10_25_01.pdf
Lasky, Ty A. and Bahram Ravani, "A Review of Research Related to Automated Highway Systems (AHS)", Advanced Highway Maintenance and Construction Technology Research Center, UCD-ARR-93-10-25-01, Dept. of Mecanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 62 pp, October, 1993.
Abstract — Interest and research in Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) has increased dramatically in the last few years, especially since the passage of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. New researchers are entering the field quickly, in part due to the recently awarded Federal Highway Administration Precursor System Analyses in Automated Highway Systems (AHS). While there are a number of good general reviews of IVHS, there appear to be no reviews that have focused on issues related to AHS. This literature survey fills that void. It provides a review of IVHS research with a focus on areas that are relevant to AHS. The review focuses on vehicle control, and other areas that are pertinent to it. The areas covered include: general AHS research; longitudinal, lateral, and combined vehicle control; sensors and alternative AHS vehicle types; communications requirements; system architectures; safety and fault tolerance; and human factors. A partial list of acronyms and abbreviations is included in an appendix. This review should be helpful to researchers attempting to quickly familiarize themselves with this field.
Robotic Maintenance for Automated Highway Systems: Economic Analysis
Stroup, Alex, and Steven A. Velinsky, "Robotic Maintenance for Automated Highway Systems: Economic Analysis", UCD-ARR-94-09-27-01, 79 pp, September, 1994.
Abstract — The cost of congestion on major highways has become very high indicating the need for increased highway capacity and resulting in the conceptual development of automated highway systems. Although much research is ongoing concerning the manner in which automated highways should operate and how they should be implemented, there has been minimal investigation concerning construction and maintenance requirements. As the demand and performance of the highway increases, the impact of maintenance and construction operations will in turn be more dramatic. Therefore, the need for improved maintenance and construction techniques is vital to the success of the high capacity AHS.
As existing highway systems deteriorate, labor costs have increased, resulting in the need and development of more efficient and safer highway maintenance techniques using automation and robotics. Automated systems have been successfully developed to perform various maintenance tasks such as crack sealing. Research in the field of automated road maintenance and construction has shown that there is significant potential for cost saving due to increased efficiency, increased safety, and fewer traffic delays.
A model to estimate the cost benefits of robotic construction and maintenance for automated highway systems is developed in this report. The analysis considers the direct costs to the transportation agency or contractor and the user costs to the driving public. Direct costs are associated with equipment, labor, and material costs. User costs are due to increased traffic congestion resulting from highway maintenance operations. The computer model was developed to quantify the benefits associated with the automation of a particular maintenance task. Case studies of magnetic markers installation and pavement repairs were performed and results are given.
Survey Questionnaire: Construction and Maintenance Requirements for an AHS
West, Thomas H., Mimi Y. Huie, and Patricia L. Shepherd, "Survey Questionnaire: Construction and Maintenance Requirements for an AHS", UCD-ARR-94-10-05-01, 92 pp, October, 1994.
Abstract — Conventional construction and maintenance methods and procedures will not be able to support the development of an Automated Highway System (AHS). With the increasing traffic and limited capacity of the existing infrastructure, conventional construction and maintenance operations will severely impact the existing traffic problems of today unless operations are improved, developed and advanced in parallel to the development of an AHS. Survey questionnaires were prepared and distributed to selected transportation experts requesting qualitative assessments of the impact considerations that need to be addressed in terms of construction, design, maintenance, new technology, pavement, structures and traffic operations. The survey responses are summarized and discussed.
ATMS — Transportation Management Centers and the Intelligent Roadway Information System
Literature Review of ATMS and Open-Source Software
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_06_12_08_01.pdf
Michael Darter, Kin Yen, Bahram Ravani, and Ty A. Lasky, "Literature Review of National Developments in ATMS and Open-Source Software", UCD-ARR-06-12-08-01, 132 pp, December 8, 2006.
Abstract — Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS) have successfully and impressively improved roadway traffic safety, reduced congestion, and increased economic productivity. As ATMS build-out continues into lower-density population areas, ATMS cost can become a serious obstacle, slowing implementation and negatively affecting safety, congestion, and productivity.
This report explores the feasibility of using open-source software and commodity computer hardware to lower ATMS implementation costs.
The objectives of this report are to summarize the history and current developments in ATMS software and hardware, and their relation to open-source software and commodity multi-source x86 hardware; summarize the history, strengths, and weaknesses of open-source software; and summarize relevant ATMS hardware and software projects that use open source, or are open-source projects themselves.
In preparing this report, the authors surveyed and analyzed relevant articles in research journals, reports, and industry news sources. In addition, individuals were contacted from state DOTs and research institutions that were involved with open-source ATMS projects. Based on the information that was collected and analyzed for this report, the authors found that a number of ATMS and ITS applications have been developed and deployed using open-source software. These systems have a broad range of features, capabilities, and significant operational use. Potential benefits include low initial and recurring costs, customization ability, security, stability, and reduced lock-in. Benefits provided by OSS and its unique development model must be balanced with a consideration of concerns such as technical knowledge of personnel, compatibility with existing software, problems with multiple operating system distributions, and documentation.
Review of District 10 Transportation Management Center Operations and Equipment — Task 3
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_07_09_30_01.pdf
Michael Darter, Stephen Donecker, Kin Yen, Bahram Ravani, and Ty A. Lasky, "Review of MN/IRIS and Caltrans District 10 TMC Compatibility and Functional Requirements for D10 IRIS Demonstration Study", UCD-ARR-07-09-30-01, 58 pp, September 30, 2007.
Abstract — This document describes Task 3, "Review of Caltrans District 10 Transportation Management Center Operations and Equipment," within the Open ATMS multi-year research project undertaken by the Advanced Highway Maintenance and Construction Technology (AHMCT) Research Center at the University of California Davis. The Open ATMS project is implementing an open-source Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) within the California State Department of Transportation (Caltrans) District 10 (D10) Transportation Management Center (TMC). This document is a review of Caltrans D10 TMC operations and equipment. This includes D10 TMC software, hardware, communications, and operations.
Review of Mn/IRIS and Caltrans District 10 TMC Compatibility and Functional Requirements for D10 IRIS Demonstration Study — Task 4
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_07_09_30_02.pdf
Michael Darter, Stephen Donecker, Kin Yen, Bahram Ravani, and Ty A. Lasky, "Review of MN/IRIS and Caltrans District 10 TMC Compatibility and Functional Requirements for D10 IRIS Demonstration Study", UCD-ARR-07-09-30-02, 70 pp, September 30, 2007.
Abstract — This document describes Task 4, "Review of Mn/IRIS and Caltrans District 10 TMC Compatibility and Functional Requirements for D10 IRIS Demonstration Study," within the Open ATMS multi-year research project undertaken by the Advanced Highway Maintenance and Construction Technology (AHMCT) Research Center at the University of California Davis. The Open ATMS project is implementing an open-source Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) within the California State Department of Transportation (Caltrans) District 10 (D10) Transportation Management Center (TMC). This document details general software and hardware requirements to be used in the subsequent design, implementation, and testing phases.
Software and Test Cases for District 10 IRIS Demonstration Study — Task 5
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD-ARR-07-09-30-02.pdf
Michael Darter, Stephen Donecker, Kin Yen, Bahram Ravani, and Ty A. Lasky, "Review of MN/IRIS Software and Test Cases for Caltrans District 10 IRIS Demonstration Study", UCD-ARR-07-12-31-01, 40 pp, December 31, 2007.
Abstract — This document describes Task 5, Review of Mn/IRIS Software and Test Cases for Caltrans District 10 IRIS Demonstration Study, within the Open ATMS multi-year research project undertaken by the Advanced Highway Maintenance & Construction Technology (AHMCT) Research Center at the University of California, Davis. The Open ATMS project is implementing an open-source Advanced Traffic/Transportation Management System (ATMS) within the California State Department of Transportation (Caltrans) District 10 (D10) Transportation Management Center (TMC). This document is a brief review of Mn/DOT IRIS TMC software design, interfaces, modules, algorithms, and test cases.
Overview of District 10 IRIS Demonstration Design — Task 6
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_07_12_31_02.pdf
Darter, Donecker, Yen, Ravani, and Ty A. Lasky, "Overview of Caltrans District 10 IRIS Demonstration Design", UCD-ARR-07-12-31-02, 66 pp, December 31, 2007.
Abstract — This document describes Task 6, “Overview of Caltrans District 10 IRIS Demonstration Design,” within the Open ATMS multi-year research project undertaken by the Advanced Highway Maintenance & Construction Technology (AHMCT) Research Center at the University of California, Davis. The Open ATMS project is implementing an open-source Advanced Transportation/Traffic Management System (ATMS) within the California State Department of Transportation (Caltrans) District 10 (D10) Transportation Management Center (TMC). This document is an overview of the District 10 Intelligent Roadway Information System (IRIS) demonstration design.
ITS — Intelligent Transportation Systems
A New Field of Intelligent Transportation Systems
Ty A. Lasky, Bahram Ravani, and Steven A. Velinsky, "Advanced Construction and Maintenance Systems - A New Field of Intelligent Transportation Systems," presented at the IEEE Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Sacramento, CA, August, 1997.
Abstract — Construction and maintenance of future highways will require advanced sensing and machinery that can perform a variety of inspection and maintenance functions in an efficient and timely fashion. These systems must take advantage of any intelligence embedded into the highway facilities, including infrastructure that supports automated control of transportation systems, such as in Automated Highway Systems (AHS). The sophistication and tolerance of proposed AHS and ITS infrastructure clearly indicates the need for equivalent advances in the methods used for construction and maintenance, pointing to a need for further study and development in the area of Advanced Construction and Maintenance Systems (ACMS) as part of future ITS research.
IVHS — Differential GPS Corrections in Intelligent Vehicle Highway System
Click here for full report in pdf format: UCD_ARR_98_04_02_01.pdf
Hassan Abou Ghaida, Bahram Ravani, "In-Sutu Referencing for Differential GPS Corrections in IVHS (Intelligent Vehicle Highway System)", UCD-ARR-98-04-02-01, 24 pp, April 2, 1998.
This report discusses a method for generating differential GPS correction in Intelligent Vehicle Highway System applications using reference markers inserted in the roadway pavement. This method will provide automated lateral control of the Automated Highway System vehicles.
Municipal Needs for Road Maintenance And Road Maintenance Equipment
Ferguson, Mary P., and John E. Jervis, "Market Research Report: Phase 1: Municipal Needs for Road Maintenance And Road Maintenance Equipment", UCD-ARR-94-10-04-01, 38 pp, October, 1994.
Abstract — A focus group market research study was conducted in 1994 to identify high priority road maintenance and construction needs by California cities and counties. Participating California municipalities conveyed their needs for:
- Consolidating the functions of vehicles to reduce the number of vehicles required to be transported to a job site;
- Rugged devices to increase their efficiency in the areas of debris removal, graffiti removal, dust and other pollution control, traffic control, shoulder maintenance and construction, pothole patching, grinding and vegetation abatement;
- Increasing the durability of construction and maintenance materials to extend their useful life;
- Equipment which improves the safety of workers;
- Equipment which improves compliance with environmental standards.
The data collected, while not statistically quantifiable, does provide sufficient information to broadly describe the areas of concern for the participating municipalities and will be used to develop more accurate survey instruments.
